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Assets and control

Assignment & change of control

Your contract has an anti-assignment clause, so you assume your counterparty cannot transfer it. Then a competitor buys 100% of its shares - same legal entity, no assignment, no novation - and the clause does nothing. Assignment, novation, and change of control are three distinct mechanisms on different legal principles, and addressing one while ignoring the others is the most common gap in commercial contracts.

Pillar guide

Assignment, novation, and change of control: three different transfers.

Your contract has an anti-assignment clause, so you assume your counterparty cannot transfer it. Then a competitor buys 100% of its shares - same legal entity, no assignment, no novation - and the clause does nothing. Assignment, novation, and change of control are three distinct mechanisms on different legal principles, and addressing one while ignoring the others is the most common gap in commercial contracts.

Read the pillar guide
  1. 01Assignment of contracts: legal vs equitable
  2. 02Anti-assignment clauses
  3. 03Novation and the accrued rights trap
  4. 04Change of control clauses
  5. 05Change of control: regulatory approvals
  6. 06Assignment and change of control in M&A and tech

Complete topic

All assignment & change of control guides.

Start with the main guide or open the specific clause question you need.

Pillar guideAssignment, novation, and change of control

The three distinct ways a contract transfers - assignment, novation, and change of control - and why an anti-assignment clause does not stop a share sale.

4 min read
AssignmentAssignment of contracts: legal vs equitable

How legal assignment under s.136 differs from equitable, the Frischmann formality trap, notice and priority, and why only the benefit transfers.

4 min read
Anti-assignmentAnti-assignment clauses

Why anti-assignment clauses miss transfers by operation of law, the Don King trust workaround, the prohibit-vs-void point, and the 2018 Receivables Regulations.

4 min read
NovationNovation and the accrued rights trap

Why novation extinguishes the original contract, how it can happen by conduct despite a no-variation clause, and the accrued-rights trap.

4 min read
Change of controlChange of control clauses

Why a share sale slips past anti-assignment clauses, how to define 'control', the direct-vs-indirect gap, and the PE/VC considerations.

4 min read
RegulatoryChange of control: regulatory approvals

Why contractual change-of-control provisions are not enough - the NSI Act, FSMA controllers regime, and US/EU approvals that can override or run alongside them.

4 min read
ApplicationsAssignment and change of control in M&A and tech

How anti-assignment and change-of-control clauses bite in SaaS licences, the M&A cascade, open-source and W&I traps, and pharma regulatory transfers.

4 min read

Product demo

Know the rule. Then inspect what changed in the document.

Watch Claude compare negotiation drafts and create a separate Word document with proposed tracked changes.

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